Decorative shade-reflector for artificial lights.



PATENTED MAY 22, 1906.

0. A. MYGATT,

DECORATIVE SHADE REFLECTOR FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 12. 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITH mom ,./KM. WW

W/T/VESSES:

No. 821,307. PATENTED MAY 22, 1906. I

0. A. MYGATT. DECORATIVE SHADE REFLECTOR FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS.

' IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII AY 11111 4.

5T0. 821,307. PATENTED MAY 22, 1906. 0. A. MYGATT.

DECORATIVE SHADE REFLECTOR FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS,

APPLICATION FILED MAY 12. 1904.

3 smmw-smm 1 PI. G113 PV/ZVESSES: J/VVENTOR Application lllerl .Zo (LZZwhom it may; -110mm Es it known that l, @Tis A M zen of the United York,in the county of New of New York, heveinvented. cert usefulEIK'IPXO'V'QIHQI'LIZS in Decorative 1"" R eflectors for Artificial Llllts of which the gle Elli (l two plane 1.130111 the reflector ls nesurisces 1s following is s s pe0ilicstion. l finite object Thisinvention relates tn com os ls iii 6 5 [o tors and dGCOlll-lVGshadetotilici :1, r 0 upwind. prism =.n. one angle tee part so ting(Else Fig. 1C.)

-. s3. in pet- 7o composed entirely of trenspm' nt glass.

The object of the ii'wention is to p 0 in a single structure. of glassreflects; shall be l. y eiicfent by reason i nietie construction. 01"that n of r 111e,) N0, which is best adapted for doubleto utilize partof the sui isms l rebe of reet utilit its a .1' vie anal two nlane i b Vose of illuminating areas 01" smiles a ray sf light from 75 'ssing@3011. 1 tbs side the reflector, and to? producing a k the itinor see oftive and ornmnen tail effects the illun'linstion. Figure it is 2:. sideelevstion reflector involving the prin v'ention. l

3 .4 psi-ti srtial section of a. reflector incandescent electric lamp.direction of certain of ii broken horizontal sectien tin the prisms 3 in1 i section through some Fig. 5315 a, partial section and 'tion oi amodified eonstruction. side elevation of still another ninrl he: 5 Figs.7 8 are ediiicstions of spa of the invention. Figs 1 13. A study ofdiagramsillustrating the cliyectmn i E' W where double-ref light-raysthrough certain. forms P "ayes. no matter how and fiutings which areapplicable "ans reflector, it light- 05' 4 parts of the decorative ieflector according to wnnon in Figs. 9 and 10 light my .nters'tlie glasst teci U1? refreetedjof 9o but en'zeiges in Air no 1.. e from theinterior will the principles of my inventinn. e (in materiel quantity)from the 7 In order that my meaning as of: the glass, but will be remaybe clear, 1 Wlll here de tliereol, p11 vided the terms which I shall lie3 r ins so placed with this speeifiestioi'i. By s 1st tne i'sys strikean angular piece of tren ne "faces of tlis prisms at about an an allyhaving one angle forty-live degree-3. In. other words, which merge intothe body is Witn simple er with compound prisms er- (see Figs. 3, 4, 9,and 13,) b1 on e the light will pass the sheds. ii /it' l]. double ortotal a have a g 1 number of faces. (Se Fig. 10.) Sue?" I nns nZOlifiGiilllg prisms the light Wlll emerge from short. as facet erremicl 01: new new the lass at the side Which-it entess. B T a tinnen'st iengtn in s eireun'ierentisl vertiin. n 01' 2t rlnting' I refer torefersnob. an wiltillh' 0i: prism o tinting as does no feel, (me 51,) orspiral. direction, v 5 genes to the body 0": fire i'efiectsr. notdeflect, reflect, or retract an" considen lit-T223751 in any onepertieular direction, but such'as is calculated to break up, diffuse, orspray out light-rays in many directions. By a distributmg-prisn'i I meaneither a simple or a compound prism having one or more surfacesdefinitely calculated with a definite light distribution in view. Thatis to say, a distributing-prism is calculated to direct a considerableproportion of the light-rays emerging from the prism in certainpredetermined directions,

whether by reflection only or by refraction only, or by both reflectingand refracting these light-rays.

In my Design Patents Nos. 32,685 and 32,686, of May 22, 1900, I describeand illustrate very effective forms of prismatic glass reflectors. Bylarge experience in the manufacture of such reflectors and of otherspecies forms the upper half has of course much less than half the areaof the entire reflector. As will be seen in Fig. 2, the lamp itself isan obstacle in the way of reflection from the upper part of theshade-reflector. This is generally true with nearly all varieties ofartificial lights, electric or otherwise. In incandescent lights theupper part of the filament. is least effective for illuminatingpurposes, but has some value.

In using the terms upper and lower I use them in a relative sense only.In Fig; 2 the shade-reflector and lamp are shown in a common relation;but this may be varied, and the position both of the lamp or light andof the reflector will depend on circumstances, as is usual with lampsand reflectors.

In my present invention I largely dispense with the reflective action ofthe central or upper portion of the prismatic shade-reflector and adaptthat portion of the body which heretofore acted with small cfliciency asa rc flector to the purposes of decoration, ornamentation, and thedistribution and diffusion of light passing through the body of thedevice, which thus becomes not merely a reflector of light.

I find by experiment that the most efl'ect- I ive arrangement of prismsfor the purpose of reflecting light from the open mouth of a reflectorof commonform is what I term a vertical arrangement of prisms on theupper form shown in Figs. 3 and 13. The prisms 3 are arranged with theiraxes extending in what I generally term a vertical direction.

(Such term is not strictly accurate, norwould the term radial bestrictly accurate; but in connection with the drawings these terms willprobably be understood, being the best terms with which :I am familiar.)As will be seen, such prisms in order to preserve the desired reflectiveangle must increase in width and height as they approach the peripheryof the reflector. As the angle of incidence and the angle of reflectionmust be equal, the line a b b c, Fig. 3, indicates the direction of alightray when reflected twice, the light-ray returning in a lineparallel with its line of radiation. This direction, due to the form ofthe prism, is, however, somewhat modified by the for-n. of the body ofthe reflector, as indicated by lines a b c, Fig. 2. Where the light-raydoes not encounter the plane face of the prism at an an le of forty-fivedegrees, it may still be partia ly reflected in a somewhat differentdirection, as at a b b c, Fig. 3.

When risms are arranged spirally on the outer sur'ace of a reflector ofcommon form, the reflective angle varies by reason of this arrangement,and one side of the prism pre: sents a comparatively flattened surfaceto the light-rays radiating from within the reflector, as indicated -inexaggerated form in Fig. 4. In such case a light-ray may be broken upand diffused, as at (1 eff in Figs. 2 and 4, or it may be refracted, asat h 'i, Fig. 4.

Where a shade-reflector is divided into zones, the upper zone beingcovered with spiral prisms and the lower with radial prisms, it isapparent that the light distribution, both inside and outside thereflector, is, different from what it would be were the same charac terof prisms retained throughout the device. The same is true where otherlight-directing bodies are employed in lieu of prisms,{ 3.hus

by changing the character otthe'extefnal light-directing bodies on thereflector i'ndifg ferent'belts or zones the'efl'ective distribution oflight may be varied Without changing the form of the body. 1 I

I have hereinbefore explained that the upper portion of the'pri'sniaticreflector is not very ellicient for reflective purposes. In the presentinvention I devote this portion of the body to other purposes, using thelower por tion of the reflector (for somethin like onehalf the height oythree-fourths 0% the area) for purposes of reflection. In Fig. 1 theupper portion ofthe reflector has prisms arranged spirally aljput itsbody, which arran emeut is considered decorative and is aso .quiteeffective in' diffusing light-rays from this portion of the body, therays largely passing through the glass. The outward appearance of thereflector (when over a light) viewed from oneside or from ,above is thatof an illuminated body having bright and less 4 ing prisms E E, arrangedin s bright spiral lines arranged about the upper ortion, Whi e thelower portion shows but little illumination. The upper portion, therefore, of a shade or reflector constructed in .general as shown in Figs.1, 2, and 5 is a lightdiffusing surface, the spirally-arranged prisms 4orthe pyramids 5 acting to diffuse light in substantially all radialdirections outward from the reflector. The body 1 is preferably smoothon the interior,and the reflecting surface is substantially covered bydouble-re fleeting prisms 3. Vi here the body is bent inward toward itsperiphery, as at 2, Fig. ,2, the concentration of reflected light infronflof the open mouth of the reflector is greater than where a reversecurve is employed,'as in Fl 5. 1

in Fig. 6 the outer surface front A to B of the shade-reflector hasdecorative or ornamental figures, forms, or bodies 0 C, generally inrelief, on a ground D of clear glassv Theclear glass will transmit tnelight-rays with little obstruction. The orna. ental bodies or forms maybe made ligl1t-diiiusing by the adaptation of any style of fluting orotherwise; but these bodiss'will necessarily reflect some of the liht-iaySback into the reflector or there wou d be no contrast ofappearance, which contrast'is what produces the decorative eflect'.Thelower or reflector part of the composite shade-reflector, Fig. 5, issubstantially covered with double-reflectleries and of the characterdescribed and claimed in =my application, Serial No. 199,721, filedMarch 24-, .1904. Such construction of prisms is not specificallyclaimed herein.

In the modification shown in Fig. 7 the uper part of the shade-reflectorat ll is of frosted, etched, or varnished glass. This. gives alight-diffusing, but only to a small extent a light-reflecting-surface.The lower portion G, which is the reflector proper, is externallycovered with reflecting-prisms, arranged spirally, and therefore lessefficient reflecting-prisms than would be the p isms 3 3 or E E, butstill having considerable reflective power, as the prisms are notflattened in the extent indicated in Fig. 4:. Such an ar r'angeinent ofprisms, which by their crosssection would be double-reflecting ifarranged vertically, gives to part G a fairly eflicientreflecting-surface, together with a considerable external diffusion oflight and has a docorative appearance.

In Fig. 8 the upper portion of the'shadereflector is shown as coveredwith light-dif- "iu'sin risrns ribs or flutiiws arran ed in series. I JK of'reverse spirals. While such prisms if made on the forty flve-degreeor best reflecting angle would have consider able reflecting power itarranged near the periphery of the reflectoras, for instance,

at G, Fig. 7-they have but little reflecting capacityso near the centerof the reflector and may be practically considered as light dill'usingprisms.

in my ap iilication, Serial hid. iiled November 19, 3.903, I describeand claim a reflector havin its upper portion substantialiy covered withciicumierential light di rooting or distributing prisms, and its lowerbody a roilecti'lr, substantially covered with reliccting'prisms, as inthe present application. Such .l do not claim herein, as thelight-(iistributing feature is herein substituted. by the decorative andlight-diffusing features, hereinbeiore described.

in my application, Serial No. 184,382, filed December 8, 1902, ldescribe and claim. a shade-reflector having its lower body portionconstructed reflector, as in the pres ent application, and its upper orneck por tion covered with circumferential light-dif using prisms. in.such application the dis play or decorative features of the present device are not embodied and the claims are limited to circurnierentialprisms. in such application light-diflusion is in part efl'ected by theinternal construction of the shadereflector. in the pr have assumed theinner tiace oi the shade-reflector to be smoo h, although such is not anecessary construction under all. circurn stances. My claims in thepresent applica tion relate to the comitruction of the upper or outersurface of the shade-reflector.

From the foregoing it- Will be apparent that a shade reflectorconstructed according to my invention of a single piece of glass can bemade quite eflicient to reflect a large proportion o'ilight-raysreceived frornwithin in a definite direction out of the open mouth ofthe reflector. in addition 1 utilizethe light-rays which by reason'oithe form of the reflector, asusually made, or by reason of the locationof the light within the reflector cannot be very efficiently reflectedfor the purposes of external illuniiination and decoration, and thispurpose may be carried out in many ways within the scope of my claims.

The light diil'using bodies on the upper part of the shade-reflector,whether ribs, prisms, flutings, facets, or other forms, perform thefunction of transmitting a large percenta e oi'the light and do notreflect a very considerable quantity thereol back into theshade-reflector, but difl'use the light and present decorativeappearances to the observer.

What l claim. is-

l. A shade-reflector of glass, in form of a irustum having an openmouth, and having on its outer surface integral light-reflecting bodiesadapted to reflect light-rays from within back into the reflector andout at the open mouth thereof, said bodies being of dit- -ferentreflective power in diilerent belts or zones surrounding the reflector.f 2. in a shade-reflector composed of glass in form of a irustuin andhaving an open out application. i

ISO

mouth, a Zone having external prisms arranged spirally and adapted toreflect lightrays back'into the reflector and out at the open mouth, andanother zone having prisms arranged radially and adapted to reflectlight rays back and out at the open mouth. l

3. In a shade-reflector composed of a single piece of glass, in form ofa frustum, and hav' mg an open mouth, a zone having external iospirally-arranged prisms, and a second zone having reverse spiralprisms, all said prisms arranged to reflect some of the light-rays:

back into and out at the open mouth of the reflector In Lestnnonywhereof I afliX my signature 15

